Yolsuzluk Olgusu ile İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi Analizi
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17057989Anahtar Kelimeler:
Yolsuzluk, Suç Ekonomisi, Yoksulluk, İktisadi Büyüme, Gelir Dağılımı, Kayıtdışı Ekonomi, AdaletÖzet
Yolsuzluk ve iktisadi büyüme arasındaki ilişki, ekonomi literatüründe uzun yıllardır önemli bir araştırma konusu olmuştur. Yolsuzluk ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki, iktisat literatüründe oldukça karmaşık ve çok boyutlu bir yapıya sahiptir. Genel olarak, yolsuzluğun ekonomik büyüme üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yarattığı savunulmaktadır. Ancak, bu etkinin doğası ve derecesi hem ülkenin kurumsal yapısına hem de yolsuzluğun niteliğine bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterebilir.
Yolsuzluğun ekonomi üzerinde yarattığı olumsuz etki, yatırım ortamını bozması, kaynakların verimsiz kullanılması, kayıtdışı ekonominin yaygınlaşması, illegal paranın ekonomik sisteme girmesi ve rekabetin azalması sayılabilir. Bu tür olumsuz etkiler, kamu kaynaklarının kötüye kullanılması ve kamu harcamalarının verimliliğinin düşmesiyle birleşerek, ekonomik büyüme üzerinde ciddi negatif etkiler yaratmaktadır. Örneğin, Mauro (1995) yolsuzluğun büyümeyi nasıl yavaşlattığını analiz ederken, Tanzi ve Davoodi (1997) kamu yatırımlarının yolsuzluktan nasıl olumsuz etkilendiğini göstermiştir.
Öte yandan, bazı araştırmacılar, belirli koşullar altında yolsuzluğun ekonomik büyüme üzerinde kısa vadeli olumlu etkiler yaratabileceğini öne sürmektedir. Leff (1964) ve Huntington (1968), yolsuzluğun bazen bürokratik engelleri aşarak büyümeyi hızlandırabileceğini ileri sürmüşlerdir. Ancak, bu tür pozitif etkiler genellikle geçicidir ve uzun vadede yolsuzluğun yarattığı yapısal sorunlar ekonomik büyümeyi olumsuz yönde etkiler. Türkiye'de yapılan ampirik çalışmaların birçoğunda yolsuzluk ve iktisadi büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini incelenmiş ve genel olarak yolsuzluğun iktisadi büyüme üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yarattığını tespit etmişlerdir.
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